Stevia Leaf Extract
Summary
What it is
Common uses
Public Perception
Anxiety level
Cultural claims
Source sentiment
History
Timeline
Origin
Science
Key findings
Studies
Safety status
Nuance
Alternatives
Swaps
Avoidance tips
References

Fact-checked by Lucent 3 months ago

Stevia Leaf Extract

ingredientAdded Sugars

Total Sources: 46

Verified Claims: 34

Scientific Sources: 18

Also known as: Steviol Glycosides, Rebaudioside A, Stevia

Summary

Stevia leaf extract is a natural, high-intensity sweetener derived from the Stevia rebaudiana plant, native to South America [6], [24]. It's known for being a zero-calorie sugar substitute [24].

What it is

Stevia leaf extract is derived from the steviol glycosides found in the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant [6], [24]. These glycosides, such as stevioside and rebaudioside A, are extracted and purified to create a sweetener that is significantly sweeter than table sugar [6], [26].

Common uses

  • Sweetener in beverages [19]

  • Sweetener in food products [19]

  • Tabletop sweetener [19]

Public Perception

Anxiety level

Low to Moderate: Some anxiety exists regarding potential side effects and the extent of processing, but it is generally recognized as safe by major health organizations [20].

Cultural claims

  • Stevia has been used by indigenous cultures in South America for centuries to sweeten bitter drinks and medicinal potions [25], [27].

Source sentiment

While generally viewed positively as a natural alternative to sugar, some sources express concern over potential aftertaste, processing methods, and misleading marketing [19].

History

Timeline

1887

Dr. Moises Santiago Bertoni, an Italian-Swiss botanist, learned of stevia from Indian guides in Paraguay [25], [27].

1901

Dr. Ovid Rebaudi made the first chemical analysis of stevia leaves, identifying sweet glycosides [28].

1931

French chemists isolated stevioside, the primary sweet compound in stevia [25], [28].

1970

Japan began using hothouses to cultivate stevia and use it as a sweetener in various products [25].

1991

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned stevia as a food additive due to safety concerns [30], [32].

2008

The FDA approved certain stevia extracts, such as Rebaudioside A, as safe for use in food and beverages [30], [32].

2011

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) approved steviol glycosides for use in the European Union [19], [30].

2024

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) banned stevia as a food additive, but steviol glycosides (E960) remain permissible under stringent conditions [31].

Origin

The indigenous Guarani people of Paraguay have used stevia for centuries to sweeten bitter drinks and medicinal potions [25], [27].

Science

Key findings

  • Stevia consumption may be associated with a reduction in blood glucose levels, particularly in individuals with higher BMI, diabetes, and hypertension [7].

  • Stevia and its major components may have anti-inflammatory activity, potentially due to the suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway [6].

  • Steviol glycosides are well-tolerated and appear to have no pharmacological effect on blood pressure or blood glucose in normotensive, hypotensive, and diabetic individuals [12].

Studies

Effects of stevia consumption on appetite in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

No significant changes in appetite scores following stevia consumption were found [5].

Effect of stevia on blood glucose and HbA1C: A meta-analysis

Stevia consumption was associated with significantly reducing blood glucose levels, especially in individuals with higher BMI, diabetes, and hypertension [7].

Apparent lack of pharmacological effect of steviol glycosides used as sweeteners in humans. A pilot study of repeated exposures in some normotensive and hypotensive individuals and in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics

Oral steviol glycosides, taken as a sweetener, are well-tolerated and have no pharmacological effect on blood pressure or blood glucose [12].

Hepatotoxic effects of Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract and commercial stevia on rats: a comparative study

Commercial stevia-treated group showed a significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, suggesting potential effects on liver function [21].

Toxicological Studies of Leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Stevia extract demonstrated no adverse effects on body weights, absolute organ weights and relative organ weight ratio in the treated rats at any doses. Evaluation of the haematological and biochemical parameters demonstrated no toxic effect in the treated rats [22].

Safety status

Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for specific purified steviol glycosides [1], [15].

Nuance

While stevia extracts are generally considered safe, some studies suggest potential effects on liver function and blood glucose levels, warranting further research [7], [21]. The specific type and form of stevia used may influence its effects [21].

Alternatives

Honey

Honey has a lower glycemic index than sugar and may lower blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity [33].

Monk Fruit

Monk fruit is a natural sweetener with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [34].

Avoidance tips

  • Read food labels carefully to identify products containing stevia or other sugar substitutes [39], [41].

  • Be aware that terms like 'light,' 'lower sugar,' and 'keto-friendly' may indicate the presence of sugar substitutes [39].

  • Consider using whole, unprocessed foods to control sugar intake and avoid added sweeteners [42].

References

1.

https://www.fda.gov/files/food/published/GRAS-Notice-000702--Purified-steviol-glycosides.pdf