Salt
Summary
What it is
Common uses
Public Perception
Anxiety level
Cultural claims
Source sentiment
History
Timeline
Origin
Science
Key findings
Studies
Safety status
Nuance
Alternatives
Swaps
Avoidance tips
References

Fact-checked by Lucent 3 months ago

Salt

ingredientPreservatives

Total Sources: 49

Verified Claims: 32

Scientific Sources: 23

Summary

Salt, also known as sodium chloride, is a crystalline mineral composed of sodium and chloride ions [32]. It is essential for human and animal life and is widely used for flavoring and preserving food [32], [35].

What it is

Salt is a naturally occurring mineral comprised mainly of sodium chloride [32]. It appears as a white crystalline solid and is crucial for various biological processes [35].

Common uses

  • Flavoring food

  • Food preservation

  • Industrial applications

  • Part of religious rituals

Public Perception

Anxiety level

Moderate. While salt is essential, excessive consumption is linked to health issues like high blood pressure, creating anxiety around appropriate intake levels [15], [27].

Cultural claims

  • Salt has been used as money at various times and places [32].

  • Offering bread and salt to visitors is traditional etiquette in many cultures [32].

  • Salt plays a vital part in religious rituals in many cultures, symbolizing purity [32].

Source sentiment

Sources present a balanced view of salt, acknowledging its necessity for health and its historical and cultural significance, while also cautioning against excessive intake due to potential health risks [15], [32].

History

Timeline

-6050

Salt was an important and integral part of the world's history [32].

-2700

The earliest known treatise on pharmacology was published in China, with a major portion devoted to salt [32].

-1450

Egyptian art records salt making [32].

0

Special salt rations given to early Roman soldiers were known as 'salarium argentum,' the forerunner of the English word 'salary' [32].

1860

Great Britain passed its first national food law [20].

1938

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) was enacted in the United States, authorizing the FDA to regulate food production and safety [19].

1958

Food Additives Amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [17].

2023

FDA proposed the use of salt substitutes to reduce sodium content in standardized foods [18].

Origin

Food preservation and flavoring [35], [33].

First appeared: -6050

Science

Key findings

  • Excessive salt intake is associated with high blood pressure and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases [15], [14].

  • Reducing sodium intake can lower blood pressure and decrease the risk of cardiovascular events [16], [26].

  • Salt substitutes, particularly those containing potassium, can help lower blood pressure [6], [21].

Studies

Dietary salt on vascular function: a meta-analysis

Meta-analyses show the effects of dietary salt on vascular function [5].

Effects of salt substitutes on clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Salt substitutes can reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure consistently across geographical regions and population subgroups [6].

Effect of Dietary Sodium on Blood Pressure: A Crossover Trial

Dietary sodium impacts blood pressure, with variable responses among individuals, including those on antihypertensive medication [16].

Adding salt to foods increases the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Adding salt to foods increases the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease [13].

Safety status

Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in specified quantities, but excessive intake is associated with health risks [17], [15].

Nuance

Individual responses to dietary sodium can vary, with some people being more salt-sensitive than others [16], [26]. Moderate sodium consumption may be beneficial compared to very low or high intakes [25].

Alternatives

Potassium-containing salt substitutes

Can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of stroke [21].

Where to find: Grocery stores [Source 21]

Herbs and spices (basil, cayenne, chipotle, roasted garlic, lemon-herb blends)

Add flavor complexity to meals, reducing the need for salt [43], [44], [45].

Where to find: Spice aisles of grocery stores, or can be grown at home [Source 43]

Avoidance tips

  • Read food labels to check sodium content [21], [23].

  • Limit processed foods, which often contain high levels of hidden sodium [15], [24].

  • Use fresh ingredients and cook at home to control sodium levels [43], [44].

  • Opt for lower-sodium versions of common foods like bread and canned soups [21], [23].

References

1.

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241204621