Fermium
Summary
What it is
Common uses
Public Perception
Anxiety level
Cultural claims
Source sentiment
History
Timeline
Origin
Science
Key findings
Studies
Safety status
Nuance
Alternatives
Swaps
Avoidance tips
References

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Fermium

ingredientHeavy Metals

Total Sources: 50

Verified Claims: 22

Scientific Sources: 24

Also known as: Fm

Summary

Fermium (Fm), element 100 on the periodic table, is a synthetic, radioactive metal belonging to the actinide series [33], [49]. It is not found naturally on Earth [15]. Fermium was first identified in 1952 in the debris from a thermonuclear explosion [34]. Due to the small amounts produced and short half-lives of its isotopes, fermium is primarily used for scientific research [13], [34].

What it is

Fermium is a human-made, radioactive element. It's a metal that sits in the actinide series of the periodic table [33], [49].

Common uses

  • Scientific research

Public Perception

Anxiety level

Low. Fermium is primarily a concern for researchers working directly with the element due to its radioactivity. The general public has very little exposure or risk [13], [34].

Source sentiment

Fermium is primarily discussed in scientific and technical contexts, with neutral sentiment. Public perception is limited due to its rarity and specialized applications [13], [34].

History

Timeline

1952

Fermium-255 discovered in the debris of the first thermonuclear explosion [34], [16].

1953

Discovery of Fermium announced by Albert Ghiorso and colleagues [34].

1955

News of Fermium's discovery was declassified and shared [34].

1957

A group at the Nobel Institute in Stockholm independently created a few atoms of fermium by bombarding uranium-238 with oxygen nuclei and obtained fermium-250 [34].

1964

Underground nuclear tests in Nevada used to produce heavier elements like Fermium [26].

Origin

Fermium was discovered in the fallout from the first hydrogen bomb test, code-named Ivy Mike, conducted in the Pacific in 1952 [34].

First appeared: 1952

Science

Key findings

  • Fermium's most stable isotope, Fermium-257, has a half-life of approximately 100.5 days [33].

  • Fermium is typically found in the +3 oxidation state in chemical compounds [34].

  • Nuclear shell effects influence the stability and properties of Fermium isotopes [5].

Studies

Smooth trends in fermium charge radii and the impact of shell effects

Laser spectroscopy measurements along the fermium isotopic chain reveal smooth evolution of nuclear size, suggesting diminished shell effects compared to lighter nuclei [5].

Safety status

Fermium is radioactive and poses a health risk upon exposure [34].

Nuance

The study of fermium and other transuranic elements has contributed to the understanding of nuclear physics, the periodic table, and the origins of elements [26], [5].

Alternatives

Avoidance tips

  • Due to its presence only in research settings, general public avoidance is not applicable.

References

1.

https://efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/metals-contaminants-food