Fact-checked by Lucent 3 months ago
Total Sources: 52
Verified Claims: 35
Scientific Sources: 23
Fecal matter, also known as feces or stool, is the solid or semi-solid waste product of digestion discharged from the body via the anus or cloaca [34]. While generally considered a waste product, fecal matter has found uses in medicine, agriculture, and even construction [34].
The idea of using fecal matter, especially in medical treatments or as an ingredient, can evoke feelings of disgust and anxiety [24], [28]. However, this is often balanced by an understanding of its potential benefits and the scientific rigor behind its applications [1], [4].
Ge Hong in China describes using 'yellow soup' (fecal matter) to treat severe diarrhea [33]
Alfred Nissle isolates a strain of E. coli from feces, laying the groundwork for fecal transplantation [35]
Eiseman et al. publish a report on treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea with FMT via retention enemas [32], [33]
The Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona, performs its first fecal microbiota transplant [24]
Researchers in the Netherlands halt a C. diff clinical trial early due to the high cure rate of FMT compared to antibiotics [24]
The FDA approves Vowst, the first orally administered fecal microbiota product for the prevention of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection [18]
Lack of genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity in safety assessment studies of _Akkermansia muciniphila_ formulation
_Akkermansia muciniphila_ lacked mutagenic and genotoxic potential in nonclinical studies and was not toxic to rats at tested doses [1]
Safety evaluation of Akkermansia massiliensis sp. nov. DSM 33459
_Akkermansia massiliensis_ DSM 33459 did not produce any evidence of toxicity in rats after 28- or 90-days of exposure [4]
Adverse events in fecal microbiota transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Serious adverse events related to FMT developed in less than 1% of patients, with minor adverse events including infrequent self-limited gastrointestinal and systemic discomfort [16]
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is generally considered safe for treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) [5], [16]. However, there are potential risks, including the transmission of infectious agents and adverse events such as diarrhea and abdominal discomfort [15], [16].
Probiotics
Probiotics can help restore the balance of gut bacteria, though their effectiveness may vary depending on the specific condition and strains used [22]
Where to find: Available in supplement form or in fermented foods like yogurt and kefir [Source 22]
High-fiber diet
A diet rich in fiber can promote healthy bowel movements and support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria [41]
Where to find: Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes [Source 41]