Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Summary
What it is
Common uses
Public Perception
Anxiety level
Cultural claims
Source sentiment
History
Timeline
Origin
Science
Key findings
Studies
Safety status
Nuance
Alternatives
Swaps
Avoidance tips
References

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Escherichia coli (E. coli)

ingredientContaminants

Total Sources: 50

Verified Claims: 29

Scientific Sources: 24

Also known as: E. coli

Summary

Escherichia coli (E. coli) are bacteria commonly found in the intestines of humans and animals [4], [5]. While most strains are harmless and aid in digestion, some pathogenic types can cause severe gastrointestinal illness [4], [5], [21]. These pathogenic strains can lead to foodborne outbreaks and pose significant public health concerns [5], [21].

What it is

E. coli is a diverse group of bacteria, with both harmless and pathogenic variants [5], [7]. Pathogenic E. coli strains, like Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), produce toxins that can cause mild to severe gastrointestinal illness, and in some cases, life-threatening complications [4], [7], [21].

Public Perception

Anxiety level

High. The potential for severe illness, foodborne outbreaks, and antibiotic resistance contributes to a high level of anxiety surrounding E. coli [5], [21], [25].

Source sentiment

News sources express concern regarding E. coli outbreaks, particularly those linked to food contamination, emphasizing the potential for severe illness and the need for public health vigilance [25], [26], [27]. Patient forums reveal personal experiences with E. coli infections, highlighting the challenges of diagnosis, treatment, and long-term health consequences [31], [32], [33], [34].

History

Timeline

1885

Theodor Escherich discovers and names Bacterium coli commune [16], [17].

1919

Castellani and Chalmers propose the name Escherichia coli [16].

1958

The name Escherichia coli is officially recognized [16].

1982

E. coli O157:H7 is identified as a cause of bloody diarrhea from contaminated hamburger meat [43], [44].

1996

The FDA, USDA, and CDC establish the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) program [20].

Origin

Theodor Escherich, a German-Austrian pediatrician, first isolated and identified Escherichia coli, then known as Bacterium coli commune, from infant fecal samples [16], [17].

First appeared: 1885

Science

Key findings

  • E. coli includes both harmless commensal bacteria and pathogenic variants [5], [7].

  • Pathogenic E. coli strains can cause a range of intestinal and extraintestinal illnesses, including diarrhea, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and bacteremia [7], [14].

  • Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is a particularly dangerous type of E. coli that can cause severe bloody diarrhea and HUS [4], [7], [21], [43], [44].

  • Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern in E. coli, potentially compromising the effectiveness of treatments [5], [6], [8], [12].

Studies

Pathogenicity assessment of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and the public health risk posed by contamination of food with STEC

All STEC strains are pathogenic in humans and capable of causing at least diarrhea, and all STEC subtypes may be associated with severe illness [3].

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli in drinking water from one health perspective in low and middle income countries

E. coli isolates from water sources exhibit high levels of antibiotic resistance, particularly against penicillin, erythromycin, and ampicillin [6], [8].

Clinical burden of invasive Escherichia coli disease among older adult patients treated in hospitals in the United States

Invasive E. coli infections pose a significant clinical burden among older adults, leading to substantial hospitalizations and healthcare costs [13].

The artificial sweetener neotame negatively regulates intestinal epithelial cell and gut microbiota function

Neotame, an artificial sweetener, can negatively impact intestinal epithelial cell function and increase biofilm formation in E. coli [10].

Safety status

Pathogenic E. coli strains pose a risk to human health, with some infections leading to severe complications like hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) [4], [7], [21], [43], [44].

Nuance

The severity of E. coli infections can vary widely depending on the strain, the individual's health status, and the presence of complications [7], [21], [43], [44].

Alternatives

Probiotic Foods

Probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir, kimchi, and miso can help maintain a healthy gut microbiota, potentially preventing the colonization of harmful bacteria like pathogenic E. coli [23], [24].

Where to find: These foods are available at most grocery stores [Source 23, 24].

Avoidance tips

  • Practice safe food handling, including washing hands thoroughly, cooking meat to safe internal temperatures, and avoiding unpasteurized milk and juices [21], [45], [46], [47].

  • Prevent cross-contamination by washing surfaces and utensils after contact with raw meat [45], [46].

  • Use separate cutting boards for raw meat and produce [45].

  • Avoid swallowing water while swimming in pools, lakes, and other recreational water [43], [44].

References

1.

https://www.fda.gov/media/116766/download