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Californium is a synthetic, radioactive element with the symbol Cf and atomic number 98. It is a member of the actinide series and was first synthesized in 1950 at the University of California, Berkeley [15], [24].
Californium was first synthesized by Stanley Thompson, Kenneth Street Jr., Albert Ghiorso, and Glenn Seaborg in 1950 at the University of California, Berkeley, by bombarding curium-242 with alpha particles [24].
First appeared: 1950
Transuranic Elements
Californium (element 98), a useful neutron radiation source, is available in slightly larger amounts [5].
Selective perturbation of in vivo linear energy transfer using high- Z vaginal applicators for Cf-252brachytherapy
Californium-252 (252Cf) brachytherapy sources emit both neutrons and photons and have the potential to vastly improve the current standard-of-practice for brachytherapy [16].
Probing electronic structure in berkelium and californium via...
The obtention and study of actinide elements is challenging due to various factors including their radioactivity and scarcity [14].
Californium is a radioactive material and poses a health risk due to ionizing radiation emissions. Ingestion of californium is especially hazardous [40].
The health hazards posed by radioactive elements like californium have been a major hurdle to their research [14].
Other neutron sources
Depending on the application, other neutron-emitting isotopes or neutron generators may be used instead of californium-252.