Butter
Summary
What it is
Common uses
Public Perception
Anxiety level
Cultural claims
Source sentiment
History
Timeline
Origin
Science
Key findings
Studies
Safety status
Nuance
Alternatives
Swaps
Avoidance tips
References

Fact-checked by Lucent 3 months ago

Butter

ingredientAnimal Products

Total Sources: 49

Verified Claims: 31

Scientific Sources: 17

Summary

Butter is a dairy product made from the fat and protein components of churned cream, typically from cow's milk, though it can also be made from the milk of other mammals [28]. It is a semi-solid emulsion at room temperature, used as a spread, condiment, and cooking fat [28].

What it is

Butter is a dairy product consisting of approximately 81% butterfat, produced by churning milk or cream to separate fat globules from buttermilk [28].

Common uses

  • Spread on bread and pastries [28]

  • Melted as a condiment [28]

  • Cooking fat for baking, sauce-making, and frying [28]

Public Perception

Anxiety level

The anxiety level around butter consumption is moderate. Conflicting information exists regarding its health benefits, with some sources recommending it in moderation and others suggesting plant-based alternatives [6], [17], [19], [27].

Cultural claims

  • Butter has been a dietary staple in cultures around the world since the domestication of animals, evolving in terms of social meaning and production practices [15].

  • Butter production and consumption has been primarily associated with women, who were responsible for milking cows and churning milk into butter, leading to butter becoming a symbol of femininity and domesticity [15].

  • In some ancient civilizations, the unexplained mystery behind milk's transformation into butter made it seem magical [24].

Source sentiment

News and general sources present butter as a common and versatile ingredient with a rich history, while scientific sources offer more nuanced perspectives on its health effects, often comparing it to alternatives [19], [21], [24]. There's a growing social media trend that attacks seed oils in favor of butter, ghee and animal fats [27].

History

Timeline

-8000

Likely origin of butter in ancient Africa, where a herdsman discovered it by accident [24].

-4000

Butter has been with humans for at least 4000 years [34].

-400

Early Celts buried wooden buckets loaded with butter in Irish peat-bogs [24].

1869

French chemist Hippolyte M\[00e8]ge-Mouri\[00e8]s patented oleomargarine, a lower-priced spread made from beef tallow [34].

1886

The federal Margarine Act in the US placed a restrictive tax on margarine and demanded that margarine manufacturers pay prohibitive licensing fees [34].

2021

"Buttergate" event in Canada where butter became more difficult to spread due to increased hardness, attributed to increased use of palm oil in dairy cattle diet [32].

Origin

Butter was initially used as a means of milk preservation and flavor enhancement [15].

First appeared: -8000

Science

Key findings

  • Higher butter intake was associated with increased total and cancer mortality [6].

  • Substituting butter with plant-based oils, particularly olive, soybean, and canola oils, may confer substantial benefits for preventing premature deaths [6].

  • More than one teaspoon (5 g) of butter/day was beneficially associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors and a lower type 2 diabetes risk [7].

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis suggests relatively small or neutral overall associations of butter with mortality and CVD [8], [48].

Studies

Butter and Plant-Based Oils Intake and Mortality

Higher butter intake was associated with increased total and cancer mortality, while higher intake of plant-based oils was associated with lower total, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality [6].

Associations of common fats and oils with cardiometabolic health outcomes in the Framingham Offspring cohort

More than one teaspoon (5 g) of butter/day was beneficially associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors and a lower type 2 diabetes risk, while margarine was associated with an increased risk of both CVD and T2DM [7].

Is Butter Back? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of ...

Emerging evidence suggests cardiometabolic benefits of dairy products and dairy fat [8].

Is Butter Back? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Butter Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Total Mortality

Butter consumption was weakly associated with all-cause mortality; was not significantly associated with any cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, or stroke, and was inversely associated with incidence of diabetes [48].

Safety status

Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) but should be consumed in moderation due to its high saturated fat content [12], [15], [28].

Nuance

The health effects of butter are complex and may depend on the amount consumed, individual health status, and overall dietary patterns [6], [7], [8].

Alternatives

Olive Oil

Dairy-free, rich in monounsaturated fats, and associated with a lower risk of heart disease [36], [42].

Where to find: Grocery stores

Plant-Based Butter

Dairy-free and can be used in cooking and baking, but nutritional profiles vary by brand [36], [42].

Where to find: Grocery stores

Ghee

Contains only a small amount of lactose, and most people with lactose intolerance can have it [36].

Where to find: Grocery and specialty food stores

Avoidance tips

  • Monitor overall saturated fat intake [44]

  • Consider individual health factors and consult with a healthcare provider [44]

  • Maintain a balanced diet with nutrient-dense foods [44]

References

1.

https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/chemical-safety/ehc240-chapter6-edited(4-1).pdf?sfvrsn=96810319_0